A novel role for NR4A1 was observed in urinary tract infection (UTI) by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), where loss of NR4A1 in mice resulted in enhanced bacterial infection in the bladder [98] and CsnB decreased infection in wild-type mice and in cell culture, and this represents a novel mechanistic and therapeutic approach for treating UTI. This evidence concerns the gene NR4A1 and infection.