In contrast, vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg exacerbated the behavioral disturbances, inducing more pronounced anhedonia-like and depression-like profiles, and significantly reduced BDNF concentrations, as well as the protein expressions of all neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus of the menopausal rats with UCMS [45] (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and major depressive disorder.