MC-derived tryptase and chymase upregulate MMP-9 expression in epithelial cells, whereas MC-secreted granzyme B, responsible for the release of proangiogenic factors, such as FGF-1 and the mentioned GMCSF from the ECM, enhances ECM degradation and facilitates cellular invasion and weakening of the basement membrane, thereby promoting epithelial cell migration and tumor invasion [129,130]. Here, MMP9 is linked to neoplasm.