FASLG and helminthiasis: In this study, we observed the downregulation of miR-194-5p and the predicted activation of its immune-related genes, including FASLG, GYG1, IL9, RAP2B, SUMO2, and TAB3. Among these, IL9 is a characteristic Th2 cytokine produced during innate immunity and known to confer protection against helminth infections [73,74,75], including Nb [76].