IL4 and Alzheimer disease: The IHC analysis of Th2/Th17-associated cytokines revealed elevated IL-4 expression (Th2 biomarker) localized predominantly in the epidermal layer of the DNCB-induced AD-like mouse model, with PPPS administration significantly reducing IL-4 distribution, though in a less-pronounced manner than that of Dexamethasone (Figure 9B).