PD is characterized by substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron degeneration along with α-synuclein (encoded by the SNCA gene) aggregation, mitochondrial impairment (involving PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARK7, also known as DJ-1), lysosomal dysfunction (involving Glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1)), and neuroinflammation [18,19]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.