TGFB1 and ankylosing spondylitis: In contrast, another study revealed that nano–CUR administration for four months has potential as a novel therapy for ankylosing spondylitis, as it modulated Treg-associated miRNAs and significantly increased Treg populations and anti-inflammatory mediators (FoxP3, TGF-β, IL-10) while suppressing IL-6 in affected patients [43].