TLR4 and neoplasm: It assists in isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), purifies monocyte/hematopoietic cells, identifies tumor antigens using analysis and computational models, loads antigens into DCs and activates with cytokines (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α) or genetic engineering (CD40L/CD70/TLR4), and re-infuses mature DCs to trigger immune activation (Figure 5).