PDCD1 and neoplasm: Our group has demonstrated that “mechanical” focused ultrasound using exposures in the BH range [23] (peak negative pressure (P-) ~17 MPa, duty cycle (d.c.)1%, pulse repetition frequency (prf) 1 Hz, pulse length 10 msec, lesion spacing = 2 mm) in combination with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies) can induce anti-cancer immune effects in PDAC tumours by disrupting the tumour core and changing the immune architecture of the tumour to a pro-inflammatory phenotype [24].