NPPB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: To account for potential confounding factors, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed including HF phenotype, age, sex, NYHA class, renal dysfunction (IRC), anemia status, NT-proBNP high, hypertension grade, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, COPD, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, any bleeding, and hemodynamic instability (Table 5).