Moreover, ETS1 has been validated to have a potent transcriptional regulation function, playing a key role in normal cardiovascular development and postnatal structural remodeling, and in mice, deletion of Ets1 leads to various cardiovascular developmental abnormalities, including VSD, double-outlet right ventricle (DORV), and ventricular noncompaction [93,94,95,96,97]. Here, ETS1 is linked to ventricular septal defect.