These findings are mechanistically supported by Alanazi et al.’s demonstration of theaflavins’ dual regulation of Nrf-2 antioxidant and NF-κB inflammatory pathways in renal protection [31], and Adhikary et al.’s report on theaflavin-mediated gastric ulcer healing through enhanced antioxidant capacity [32]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to gastric ulcer.