MSTN and benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) framework could be designed to evaluate the impact of structured exercise interventions (e.g., moderate-intensity aerobic training or resistance exercise) on prostate volume, LUTS severity, and circulating myokine levels (such as irisin, IL-6, myostatin, and BDNF) in men with early-stage BPH.