TNFSF12 and rheumatoid arthritis: Importantly, the study found that several inflammatory mediators—including interleukin-35 (IL-35), TWEAK/TNFSF12, interferon-α2 (IFN-α2), pentraxin-3, gp130/sIL-6Rb, interleukin-19 (IL-19), and soluble TNF receptor-1 (sTNF-R1)—were significantly elevated in patients with both RA and periodontitis compared to those with periodontitis alone.