The observed increased vulnerability of the youngest group to neuroinflammation in the hippocampus due to melatonin deficiency corresponds to changes in Akt and NF-kB expression, as well as to our previous findings on cognitive decline and increased oxidative stress [26,57], suggesting that these alterations are crucial factors contributing to pinealectomy-related neuroinflammatory processes. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Mental deterioration.