INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Numerous studies have confirmed the pivotal role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of obesity through the regulation of fundamental biological processes, including the control of adipocyte differentiation via modulation of gene expression, the maintenance of energy homeostasis through the AMPK signaling pathway, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and the induction of chronic low-grade inflammation by modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue macrophages [20,21,22,23].