TNF and metabolic syndrome: Diets high in saturated fats also contribute to dyslipidemia, which disrupts vascular homeostasis by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adhesion molecules like vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) [25,26].