AKT1 and cancer: Numerous studies have shown that CuB can also inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway and further regulate the downstream apoptotic factors and proteins of the PI3K/Akt pathway, such as cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), the pro-apoptosis protein Bax, and the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, leading to cancer cell apoptosis [36,38].