Higher T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in HCC are linked to HCC metastasis and progression, likely due to IL-4-initiated recruitment of TAM, leading to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and TGF-β secretion, contributing to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis [37]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.