CRC patients exhibit an altered GM profile compared to healthy individuals [34], with enrichment of bacteria typically found in the oral cavity [35], as well as opportunistic and pathogenic species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) [34,36]. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and colorectal carcinoma.