Previous clinical studies have revealed than numerous biomarkers, such as bone-related proteins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, FGF-23, IL-6, Klotho, Matrix Gla protein, were strongly associated with severe coronary artery calcification in patients with diabetes or hypertension at risk of CKD or without CKD [28,29,30]. Here, BDNF is linked to coronary artery calcification.