Despite providing novel insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of DCM, this study has key limitations: (1) The initial screening relied on the GSE101585 dataset with a limited sample size; although we validated transcriptional changes in LRRTM4, PTPN22, FAM175B, and PROM2 via qPCR, independent multicenter cohort validation is still needed to confirm generalizability across diverse populations. Here, LRRTM4 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.