PROM2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Despite providing novel insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of DCM, this study has key limitations: (1) The initial screening relied on the GSE101585 dataset with a limited sample size; although we validated transcriptional changes in LRRTM4, PTPN22, FAM175B, and PROM2 via qPCR, independent multicenter cohort validation is still needed to confirm generalizability across diverse populations.