NOS2 and medical procedure: At 6 hpi both injury models exhibited upregulation of several shared genes: Cxcl1, Lcn2 (a known kidney injury marker), Cxcl2, Fos, Timp1 (biomarker of kidney injury), Atf3, Bax, Tp53, Stat3, Havcr/(Kim1) (another established kidney injury biomarker), Il6, Nfkbia, and Nos2. Collectively, expression of these genes indicates an early and robust common injury response involving chemokine-mediated recruitment, innate immunity, cell stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.