MAPK8 and immune system disorder: For the MAPK signaling pathway, based on previous research where the ERK pathway is involved in epidermal barrier function and the JNK and p38 pathways are associated with immune diseases and cancer [51], our discovery that desrhamnosyl acteoside selectively inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK while having no significant impact on p-p38 and p-JNK is novel.