TDP-43-positive inclusions within neurons and oligodendroglia were found not only in AD brains but also in DLB, as well as in FTLD with ubiquitin-positive inclusions, but not in cases of PD, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration, Pick’s disease, or frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.