For example, cytotoxicity assays on CRC cell lines (e.g., HT-29, SW480) should be performed to determine the IC50 values of selected Chaga mushroom phytochemicals; cell proliferation assays (e.g., MTT or CCK-8 assays) should be conducted to investigate the effects of these phytochemicals on CRC cell growth; AKT1 inhibition assays can be performed to evaluate the ability of these compounds to inhibit AKT1 activity, a key protein involved in cancer progression. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.