A 2025 study by Hummelgaard et al. evaluated the long-term effects of dual inhibition of PCSK9 (using alirocumab) and SGLT2 (using empagliflozin) in obese ZSF1 rats, a translational model of diabetic nephropathy and metabolic-syndrome–associated CKD. The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is metabolic syndrome.