TAC1 and migraine disorder: This stimulation activates meningeal nociceptors via trigeminal afferents projecting to the meninges, leading to the release of vasoactive neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neurokinin A. These events contribute to vasodilation and neurogenic inflammation—central mechanisms in migraine pathophysiology [10,11].