The study found spatial immune heterogeneity in cSCC lesions: CD8+ T cells, co-expressing both activation (Tbet, OX40) and suppression markers (FoxP3, M2-like macrophages), dominated tumor centers, while tumor margins had a more inflammatory Th1/IL-17 profile with Tbet+ cells, granulocytes, and DCs. Here, TNFRSF4 is linked to neoplasm.