Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs) of the central nervous system (CNS) in children encompass a spectrum of immune-mediated disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD). The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.