GDF15 and colorectal cancer: Based on these preliminary findings, a phase 2, placebo-controlled trial (the PROACC-1 study) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ponsegromab (100, 200, or 400 mg) in terms of mean change in body weight at week 12 from baseline in patients with NSCLC, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer with cachexia and baseline GDF15 serum concentration ≥ 1500 pg/mL.