HMGB1 and Stroke: Cytokine expression in both stroke types follows a biphasic pattern: an early pro-inflammatory phase dominated by TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, interleukin-27A (IL-17A), and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), followed by a later anti-inflammatory phase marked by IL-10, TGF-β1, and interleukin-27 (IL-27) [39,40].