XIAP and cancer: For example, luteolin is effective in therapeutically induced cytotoxicity of cancer cells due to its suppression of cell survival pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, NF-κB, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), resulting in the stimulation of apoptosis pathways, including the induction of the p53 tumour suppressor [39].