MAOA and heart failure: Along these lines, we recently demonstrated that acute ex vivo treatment with SGLT2i (empagliflozin or dapagliflozin) of human atrial tissue samples harvested from non-diabetic patients with all types of heart failure undergoing open-heart surgery resulted in a substantial decrease in oxidative stress, along with a reduction in the expression of both isoforms of monoamine oxidase, MAO-A and MAO-B, mitochondrial enzymes that catabolize catecholamines and serotonin [193].