NPPB and diabetes mellitus: Importantly, in the DM + AHF group, miR-1 showed strong negative correlations with both NT-proBNP (r = −0.891) and Gal-3 (r = −0.886), while miR-21 showed strong positive correlations (r = 0.734 and r = 0.764, respectively; all p < 0.001) These results suggest that decreased miR-1 and increased miR-21 levels reflect elevated NT-proBNP and Gal-3 in AHF.