NPPB and atrial fibrillation: In unadjusted rough Cox regression model, age ≥ 75 years, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–3, left atrial volume index (LAVI) ≥ 40 mL/m2, NT-proBNP ≥ 1440 pmol/mL, hs-CRP ≥ 5.40 mg/L, adropin ≤ 2.95 ng/mL, sST2 ≥ 15.5 ng/mL were identified as the predictors for new onset AF in HFpEF patients.