On the other hand, the biomarkers, which relate to cardiac fibrosis (galectin-3, sST2), inflammation (ha-CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and myocardial injury (cardiac troponins), did not provide the superiority over NT-proBNP in predicting AF in individuals without previous incident of AF [56,57]. Here, TNF is linked to atrial fibrillation.