Conclusions: adropin ≤ 2.95 ng/mL presented more predictive information than NT-proBNP ≥ 1440 pmol/mL alone for new cases of AF in symptomatic patients with HFpEF, whereas the combination of both biomarkers did not improve the predictive ability of adropin alone. Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.