Although elevated level of NT-proBNP was a predictor of incident AF during the first 2 years of long-term observation, it remains unclear, whether the discriminative value of natriuretic peptide(s) remains accurate in individuals with HFpEF and coexisting overweight, obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus [52,53]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.