AKT1 and malignant colon neoplasm: KYNA reduces Akt phosphorylation to prevent colon cancer cell proliferation; UA acts similarly on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), combating cancer by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70S6K).