Furthermore, HFD-induced obesity has been shown to affect the central nervous system, particularly within the hypothalamus, where it disrupts the balance between orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) and anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) neuropeptides such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CARTPT), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (Agrp), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) [10]. Here, NPY is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.