Through ST analysis, the study revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of CAF subpopulations within tumor tissues: ECM-myCAF, Wound-myCAF, and TGFβ-myCAF were predominantly enriched in regions with high TGF-β signaling, while Detox-iCAF and IL-iCAF were mainly distributed in the tumor periphery. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.