Data normalization and unsupervised clustering identified region-specific molecular subpopulations, including metabolic pathway gradients (e.g., glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation), spatially compartmentalized immunosuppressive signaling (TGF-β/IFN-γ co-localization zones), and tumor margin-enriched epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene modules. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.