VSIR and neoplasm: It is established in the preclinical models that the disruption of the interaction of IGSF11-VISTA re-establishes the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and other important cytokines, augmenting anti-tumor immunity and enhancing the proliferation of the T-cell population, which can cooperate with the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.