We found that seven of these genes, IGFBP3, VEGF, CCNG2, NDRG1, PFKFB3, ADM and SLC2A1, were also upregulated in MIBC and/or NMIBC in our study, suggesting parallel hypoxia-induced expression changes with primary bladder tumour tissue. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP3 and urinary bladder neoplasm.