CXCL12 and glioblastoma: TAM-derived cytokines and growth factors such as EGF, PDGF, SDF1, IL8, and IL6 have been implicated in activating Pyk2 signaling, and these findings suggest that the shift in TAM polarization in recurrent GBM may contribute to the observed upregulation of Pyk2 phosphorylation in GBM cells [25].