MARVELD2 and neoplasm: The chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) or TCP1-ring complex (TRiC) is required for the production of native actin and tubulin [102], and thus the downregulation of these proteins, together with the upregulation of ECM proteins, suggests dysregulation and reprogramming of the cytoskeletal network towards cancer progression through the promotion of tumor cell survival, growth, and invasion [103], as the migration and establishment of metastatic colonies requires dynamic cytoskeletal modifications, characterized by the polymerization and depolymerization of actin [104].