The FTD differential diagnostic panel (containing 12 out of the 13 proteins) could again discriminate FTD from AD with high accuracy in the three validation cohorts (clinical cohort 1: AUC = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.95; clinical cohort 2: AUC = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98; FTLD/AD autopsy cohort: AUC = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.97; Fig. 5B), which was similar to NfL (clinical cohort 1, AUC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.84-1; Fig. 5C). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Alzheimer disease.