In a study conducted with 73 PCa and 40 benign prostate hyperplasia patients, PAK1 levels were found to be correlated with PSA values, and PAK1 mRNA levels were detected to be highest in metastatic cell lines, then in early-stage PCa cell lines, and the lowest in normal prostate epithelial cell lines. The gene discussed is PAK1; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.