TP53 and breast carcinoma: For example, Ren et al. (2025) identified biallelic alterations in BRCA1/BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51D, PPP2R2A, and TP53 as key HRD drivers in Asian cohorts of ovarian and breast cancers, with chromosome-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) enhancing detection sensitivity [5].