EGFR and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Table 4 summarizes FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR and PD-1 receptors, including cetuximab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, along with their mechanisms of action, indications, trial phases, and common adverse effects. Table 5 presents EGFR-targeting TKIs, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib, which have been evaluated across multiple clinical trial phases [85,91]. For instance, in a multi-center Phase II trial (NCT00387127), lapatinib was compared to placebo in combination with cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with unresected HNSCC [92].