IL1B and neoplasm: Key cytokines include interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which activates macrophages and promotes Th1-mediated antiviral and anti-tumor responses [34]; interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which enhances immune cell recruitment and vascular permeability [35]; interleukin-6 (IL-6), which mediates B cell differentiation and acute-phase responses [36]; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a central pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune activation and apoptosis; and interleukin-10 (IL-10), which exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing Th1 cytokine production [37,38].