Scalability and reproducibility challenges persist across nanocarrier classes: albumin-based systems (exemplified by FDA-approved Abraxane®) confront limited human serum albumin availability; liposomes exhibit storage instability including shape deformation and osmiophility loss; polymer micelles demonstrate compromised tumor penetration and insufficient clinical efficacy; dendrimers show manageable toxicity in phase II trials but require further safety optimization; inorganic nanoparticles and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) present dose-dependent toxicity and unpredictable degradation. Here, ALB is linked to neoplasm.