Genes such as BMPR2, MFHAS1, and CLDN23 were associated in MSigDB with pathways including TGF-β signaling, growth suppression, tissue invasion, and resistance to cell death, while in the Cancer Hallmarks set, genes such as GATA4 and CLDN23 were linked to evading growth suppressors, angiogenesis, and tissue invasion. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.